![]() ![]() It wasn’t long before leaflets and underground press were also distributed. This is how information on current events, including the occupant's activities or the needs of the Jewish community, was obtained and transmitted. Similarly to the leaders of social organizations, they operated by providing aid for the needy and developed a network of civil resistance. Jewish political parties resumed activity in the underground. The legislation imposed by the Germans and the living conditions in the ghetto meant that the focus was on organizing social assistance and health care. It was not an armed struggle but rather a so-called grassroots movement. Even despite the cramped conditions all around, the progressing impoverishment of the population, hunger and diseases that were decimating the Jews closed behind the walls.Īlready in the first months of the war, Jews took up various forms of resistance, also engaging in underground activities. With time, people adapted to the conditions prevailing there, previously known organizational structures were reconstructed, and efforts were made to function as normally as possible. ![]() There was the illusion that it was only a temporary change and soon, with the swift end of the war, everything would return to its former order. Nonetheless, it was an extremely difficult moment for the local Jewish population once these rumors materialized and they were required to move there with their relatives, consequently, forcing them to abandon the lives they had led thus far. Rumors about it had been circulating in Warsaw since the beginning of 1940. The establishment of the Warsaw ghetto, although somewhat expected, surprised many people. Among them was Emanuel Ringelblum – a historian, educator, and social activist, initiator of the creation of the Warsaw Ghetto underground archive. Almost 395 thousand Jews were crammed into an area of about 400 ha. On 16 November 1940, the gates of the Warsaw ghetto were closed. Some moved inside the enclosure, while others left the area. Approximately 140 thousand Jews and 113 thousand Poles were forced to move. ![]()
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